AFDD 2-1.9, page 33

23 The JAOP, as well as subsequently published SPINS, air and space operations directives (AOD), and ATOs, must clearly articulate the commander’s ROE that ensure operations comply with the LOAC. The JAOP and subsequent planning guidance must also establish appropriate control and coordination measures. Commanders may employ various maneuver and movement control, airspace control, and fire support coordination measures (FSCM) to facilitate effective joint operations. These measures include, but are not limited to, boundaries, phase lines, objectives, coordinating altitudes to deconflict air operations, air defense areas, amphibious objective areas, submarine operating patrol areas, and minefields. Combat Identification. CID plays a critical role in all measures focused on the battlespace, such as dominant maneuver, precision engagement, full dimensional protection, and focused logistics, and has direct impact on the joint force’s ability to support the CFC and to employ capabilities to maintain maximum effectiveness and minimize fratricide. CID is the capability to attain an accurate characterization of detected objects in the joint battlespace that enables high confidence and timely application of military options and weapons. Depending on the situation and the operational decisions that must be made, this characterization may be limited to “enemy,” “friend,” or “neutral.” In other situations, other characterizations may be required—including, but not limited to, class, type, nationality, mission configuration, status, and intent. Planning guidance must clearly state CID requirements, including such things as which CID systems will be used, who will have authority to declare a track or potential target hostile, etc. For further guidance on CID, see JP 3-33, Joint Task Force Headquarters, and Air Force Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (AFTTP) manual 3-1.1, General Planning and Employment Considerations (Secret). Finally, the JAOP should establish guidelines for dynamic, especially time-sensitive, targeting. Dynamic targeting is one of the most labor-intensive and intellectually demanding challenges the air and space component faces. Anticipating as much of the challenge as possible and spelling out guidance and priorities in the JAOP will ease the burden on commanders and CAOC Combat Operations Division (COD) personnel once the daily battle rhythm begins. This may prevent mistakes from being made during employment or may at least mitigate their impact. Planners should address as broad a scope as possible in as much detail as time and planning resources allow. This should include robust ROE and related legal considerations (see Appendix A). THE TASKING CYCLE AND DELIBERATE TARGETING Deliberate targeting provides a systematic analytical approach that focuses targeting efforts on supporting operational requirements and the commander’s objectives. It helps focus the appropriate capabilities against adversary targets at the right time and place to impose specific desired effects that achieve joint force objectives. Deliberate targeting supports the air tasking cycle, which creates a daily articulation of the overall air and space strategy. Deliberate targeting within the tasking cycle is the means Airmen use to accomplish the CFACC’s non-dynamic targeting