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iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... v FOUNDATIONAL DOCTRINE STATEMENTS.......................................................................vii CHAPTER ONE—Targeting Fundamentals.................................................................................. 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 Target Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 3 The Targeting Process ................................................................................................................ 6 Types of Targeting...................................................................................................................... 8 Targeting and Targeting-Related Responsibilities ..................................................................... 9 Principles of Targeting.............................................................................................................. 11 Effects-Based Operations ......................................................................................................... 12 Principles of Effects-Based Operations .................................................................................... 14 Targeting Considerations for Stability Operations................................................................... 15 CHAPTER TWO—Deliberate Targeting..................................................................................... 17 General...................................................................................................................................... 17 Effects-Based Considerations for Planning.............................................................................. 19 Targeting Responsibilities During Formal Planning ................................................................ 20 The Tasking Cycle and Deliberate Targeting........................................................................... 23 Air Tasking Cycle Phases and Their Products.......................................................................... 29 Objectives, Effects, and Guidance........................................................................................ 29 Target Development.............................................................................................................. 32 Weaponeering and Allocation............................................................................................... 38 Air Tasking Order Production and Dissemination................................................................ 42 Execution Planning and Force Execution............................................................................. 43 Assessment............................................................................................................................ 44 CHAPTER THREE—Dynamic Targeting ................................................................................... 46 General...................................................................................................................................... 46 The Dynamic Targeting Portion of the Tasking Process.......................................................... 48 Find ....................................................................................................................................... 50 Fix ......................................................................................................................................... 51 Track ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Target.................................................................................................................................... 52 Engage................................................................................................................................... 52 Assess.................................................................................................................................... 52 Other Considerations ................................................................................................................ 53 Engagement Authority.......................................................................................................... 53 Managing Increased Risk During Dynamic Targeting Operations....................................... 53 Handling Changes................................................................................................................. 54 Reduced Planning Time........................................................................................................ 55 CHAPTER FOUR— Assessment................................................................................................. 57 General...................................................................................................................................... 57 Measures and Indicators ........................................................................................................... 58 The Four Levels of Assessment................................................................................................ 60