MCRP 12-10B.1, page 121

reduced charges at high angles does enable NGF to hit more targets but will reduce its range and accuracy. 4105. Aviation a. Employment of Aviation. Both fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft can provide fire support in MOUT. The aviation combat element (ACE) provides the MAGTF commander with a variety of options in ordnance delivery. Aerial delivered ordnance is particularly effective against hard targets. Cluster bomb units, rockets, cannons, laser-guided bombs, and electro-optically guided missiles can be used against a variety of targets. However, the presence of civilians, the requirement to preserve key facilities, and the residual effects caused by rubble and collateral damage must be taken into consideration when planning for and using aviation in an urban environment. (See MCWP 3-24 Assault Support Helicopter Tactical Manual (under development), MCWP 3-23.1 Close Air Support (under development),and NWP 55-3-AH1, AH1 Tactical Manual, for greater detail on MOUT considerations for aviation.) (1) Fixed-Wing Aircraft (a) Offensive/Defensive Operations. During offensive operations, fixed-wing aircraft can isolate, interdict, and reduce enemy strongpoints throughout the battlespace. During defensive operations, they attrite enemy forces as they approach, attack forces attempting to bypass, or canalize the enemy to take avenues of approach that are advantageous to the defender. (b) Other Considerations 1 Fixed-Wing Attack of a Built-Up Area. Air strikes can reduce or destroy vital supplies and facilities supporting the enemy. The resulting shock, concussion, and psychological effects of such attacks can reduce the efficiency and fighting spirit of enemy forces. 2 Rubble and Debris. The rubble and debris resulting from air attacks may increase the defender’s cover and create obstacles to the movement of friendly forces. 3 Proximity of Friendly Forces. The proximity of opposing forces to friendly forces increases the potential for fratricide. This may require the use of precision guided munitions (PGMs) or the temporary disengagement of friendly forces in contact. 4 Locations of Indigenous Civilians or Key Facilities. The use of aerial delivered ordnance may be restricted by the ROE because of the presence of civilians or the requirement to preserve key facilities within a city. MCWP 3-35 .3 4-8