ADP 3-90, page 28

Chapter 2 2-10 ADP 3-90 31 July 2019 the control of a corps or division, then the corps or division airspace element integrates the functional brigade airspace requirements. 2-42. Most multifunctional support brigades do not routinely control AOs but conduct operations throughout a corps or division AO. Normally these brigades coordinate their airspace use with the divisions and brigades that have AOs. Airspace control becomes more complex when a corps tasks these multifunctional support brigades to accomplish a mission that affects airspace use in other AOs. The multifunctional support brigade conducting the operation submits its airspace requirements with the higher echelon headquarters airspace element providing planning and airspace control support to the multifunctional support brigade’s air defense airspace management element. The division airspace element checks that it adjusts the airspace plan to account for the multifunctional support brigade commander’s priorities and concept of operations. Minimum-Essential Stability Tasks 2-43. Combat places civilians in harm’s way. It often affects their access to necessary items, such as food, water, shelter, and emergency medical care. Generally, the responsibility for providing the basic needs of the people within a unit’s AO rests with their government or designated civil authorities, agencies, and organizations. Individual families, private commercial companies, and corporations also provide many of these goods and services. Unit plans for combat operations address the provision of minimum-essential stability tasks—providing civil security, food, water, shelter, and emergency medical treatment—to civilians located within their AO in accordance with the laws of war and international standards. Unit commanders balance the provision of those minimum-essential stability tasks with their capability to conduct the offense or defense. Units address area security and the six primary stability tasks as practical until they can transfer responsibility for those tasks to another organization. The six primary stability tasks are—  Establish civil security.  Establish civil control.  Restore essential services.  Support governance.  Support economic and infrastructure development.  Conduct security cooperation. 2-44. Commanders request the resources they need to perform stability tasks for their assigned AO. If the requirements exceed their organization’s capacity, they request additional or follow-on forces to provide additional resources. Commanders at all levels assess resources available against their missions to determine how best to ensure minimum-essential stability tasks are performed. (See ATP 3-07.5 for more information on stability tasks.) Environmental Considerations 2-45. Commanders have the responsibility to integrate environmental considerations into planning and operations if applicable. Commanders use judgment in determining how environmental considerations affect their units (either actively or passively) when conducting operations. Responsibility for environmental issues is not included in the list of responsibilities associated with a unit assigned an AO in ADP 3-0. However, environmental considerations do apply in one degree or another to all units. Environmental considerations most significantly affect units consolidating gains or remaining in a location for an extended time. (See ATP 3-34.5 for additional information on environmental considerations.) AVENUE OF APPROACH 2-46. An avenue of approach is a path used by an attacking force leading to its objective or to key terrain. Avenues of approach exist in all domains. Effective commanders identify avenues of approach since all COAs that involve maneuver depend on available avenues of approach. While conducting the offense, commanders evaluate avenues of approach in terms of their ability to facilitate friendly maneuver to the objective and the enemy force’s capability to affect the objective. Conversely, while conducting the defense, commanders analyze avenues of approach in terms of their ability to facilitate an enemy force’s attack on friendly positions and the capability of friendly forces to reinforce the battle area.