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67 picture drawn from an often-overwhelming stream of data. The data are not directly useful to commanders in most cases. Intelligence, targeting, and strategy personnel must evaluate the data stream and glean what is useful and significant from it. This is the most conceptually difficult part of the process, even if it consumes fewer man-hours than monitoring, but is essential if commanders are to have assessment products they can act upon. Even TA entails analysis, as there is sometimes considerable “art” to determining even physical damage levels based on sensor data. Recommend. Recommendations may range from a simple, near-immediate re- attack call from the COD to advising a major change in campaign strategy, depending upon the level of assessment involved. They may include such things as shifting of air operations priority, weight of effort, and branch or sequel initiation. Even at the operational level, they may include lesser measures such as modifying the MOE to reflect new requirements, or utilizing new capabilities or forces. Metrics The SD should develop metrics to determine if air operations are properly linked to the overall air and space strategy and the larger hierarchy of campaign and national objectives. These metrics evaluate the results achieved during air and space operations. Metrics can either be objective (using sensors or aircrews to directly observe damage inflicted) or subjective (using indirect means to ascertain results) depending on the metric applied to either the objective or task. Both qualitative and quantitative metrics should be used to avoid unsound or distorted results. Metrics can either be inductive (using sensors or personnel to directly observe the battlespace and build SA cumulatively) or deductive (using indirect means to deduce results from what was previously known of the adversary and battlespace). Measures of success are indications that the effects achieved are influencing enemy activity in desired ways among various target systems. Tactical tasks identify the focus areas for application of air and space power in support of tactical objectives. MOP evaluate the immediate activity performed to assess tactical tasks. Paired with the tasks, MOP use performance assessment techniques to determine “if we’re doing things right” to achieve success. MOP lend themselves to quantitative and/or statistical analysis techniques, based on reported observations and I'll tell you up front that our sensors show that the preponderance of the Republican Guard divisions that were outside of Baghdad are now dead. We've laid on these people. I find it interesting when folks say we're softening them up. We're not softening them up, we're killing them. —General T. Michael “Buzz” Moseley CSAF; at the time OIF CFACC Press interview, 5 April 2003