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Core Army Analytic Techniques 18 August 2014 ATP 2-33.4 5-19 5-66. While each network’s organization varies based on the requirements of each individual network, there are some common network structural options seen throughout networks. These common structures within networks include the chain, hub-and-wheel, all-channel, affiliate associate, and independent confederate. Chain 5-67. In a chain configuration, each cell links to the node next in sequence. Communication between the nodes is by passing information along the line. This organization is common among networks that smuggle goods and people or launder money. Sever one node or link and the chain is disrupted until a link is reestablished. This is shown in figure 5-9. Figure 5-9. Network chain Hub-and-Wheel 5-68. In a network hub structure, cells communicate with one central element. The central cell need not be the leader or decisionmaker for the network. A variation of the hub is a wheel design where the outer nodes communicate with one or two other outer cells in addition to the hub. A wheel configuration is a common feature of a financial or economic network. Identifying a central node may be the desired target, or isolating a particular cell from other nodes may be preferred depending on the intended purpose (see figure 5-10). Figure 5-10. Network hub-and-wheel All-Channel 5-69. In an all-channel structured network, all nodes are connected to each other. The network is organizationally flat indicating there is no hierarchical command structure above it. Command and control is distributed within the network. This is communication intensive and can be a security problem if the linkages can be identified or tracked (see figure 5-11). Figure 5-11. All-channel network 5-70. Despite their differences, the three basic types will be encountered together in networked organizations. A transnational terrorist organization might use chain networks for its money-laundering activities, tied to a wheel network handling financial matters, tied in turn to an all-channel leadership