JP 3-0, page 114

Chapter V V-8 JP 3-0 cooperation activities that are addressed in other approved documents. CCDRs generally use the phasing model in Figure V-3 to link security cooperation activities in the TCP to pertinent OPLANs. Following is a discussion of each phase in the phasing model. For more information on the phasing model and details on the individual phases, refer to JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. (1) Shape. Shape phase missions, task, and actions are those that are designed to dissuade or deter adversaries and assure friends, as well as set conditions for the contingency plan and are generally conducted through security cooperation activities. Joint and multinational operations and various interagency activities occur routinely during the shape phase. Shape activities are executed continuously with the intent to enhance international legitimacy and gain multinational cooperation by shaping perceptions and influencing adversaries’ and allies’ behavior; developing allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations; improving information exchange and intelligence sharing; providing US forces with peacetime and contingency access; and mitigating conditions that could lead to a crisis. (2) Deter. The intent of this phase is to deter an adversary from undesirable actions because of friendly capabilities and the will to use them. Deter is generally weighted toward security activities that are characterized by preparatory actions to protect friendly forces and indicate the intent to execute subsequent phases of the planned operation. A number of flexible deterrent options (FDOs) could be implemented during this phase. Once the crisis is defined, these actions may include mobilization, tailoring of forces, and other predeployment activities; initial deployment into a theater; employment of ISR assets; and development of mission-tailored C2, intelligence, force protection, and logistic requirements to support the JFC’s CONOPS. CCDRs continue to engage multinational partners, thereby providing the basis for further crisis response. Many actions in the deter phase build on activities from the previous phase, and are conducted as part of security cooperation activities. They can also be part of stand-alone operations. (3) Seize Initiative. JFCs seek to seize the initiative in all situations through decisive use of joint force capabilities. In combat, this involves both defensive and offensive operations at the earliest possible time, forcing the enemy to culminate offensively and setting the conditions for decisive operations. Rapid application of joint combat power may be required to delay, impede, or halt the enemy’s initial aggression and to deny the enemy its initial objectives. Operations to gain access to theater infrastructure and expand friendly freedom of action continue during this phase, while the JFC seeks to degrade enemy capabilities with the intent of resolving the crisis at the earliest opportunity. (4) Dominate. This phase focuses on breaking the enemy’s will to resist or, in noncombat situations, to control the operational environment. Success in the dominate phase depends on overmatching enemy capabilities at the critical time and place. Operations can range from large-scale combat to various stability operations depending on the nature of the enemy. Dominate phase activities may establish the conditions to