JP 3-0, page 119

Joint Operations Across the Range of Military Operations V-13 For additional guidance on CD operations, refer to JP 3-07.4, Joint Counterdrug Operations. f. Enforcement of sanctions is an operation that employs coercive measures to interdict the movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area. Maritime interception operations are a form of maritime interdiction that may include seaborne coercive enforcement measures. These operations are military in nature and serve both political and military purposes. The political objective is to compel a country or group to conform to the objectives of the initiating body, while the military objective focuses on establishing a barrier that is selective, allowing only authorized goods to enter or exit. Depending on the geography, sanction enforcement normally involves some combination of air and surface forces. Assigned forces should be capable of complementary mutual support and full communications interoperability. g. Enforcing Exclusion Zones. A sanctioning body establishes an exclusion zone to prohibit specified activities in a specific geographic area. Exclusion zones usually are imposed due to breaches of international standards of human rights or flagrant violations of international law regarding the conduct of states. Situations that may warrant such action include the persecution of the civil population by a government and efforts to deter an attempt by a hostile nation to acquire territory by force. Exclusion zones can be established in the air (no-fly zones), sea (maritime), or on land (no-drive zones). An exclusion zone’s purpose may be to persuade nations or groups to modify their behavior to meet the desires of the sanctioning body or face continued imposition of sanctions or threat or use of force. Such measures usually are imposed by the UN or another international body of which the United States is a member, although they may be imposed unilaterally by the United States (e.g., Operation SOUTHERN WATCH in JOINT TASK FORCE-NORTH An example of Department of Defense support to counterdrug operations was the establishment of joint task force (JTF)-6 in 1989. Its mission originally focused exclusively along the Southwest border of the United States. A succession of National Defense Authorization Acts expanded the JTF-6 charter by adding specific mission tasks for the organization. In 1995, the JTF-6 area of responsibility expanded to include the continental United States. In June 2004, JTF-6 was officially renamed JTF-North and its mission was expanded to include providing support to federal law enforcement agencies in countering transnational threats. Mission: JTF-North provides military support to civil law enforcement agencies, conducts theater security cooperation as directed, and facilitates interagency synchronization within the US Northern Command area of responsibility in order to anticipate, detect, deter, prevent, and defeat transnational threats to the homeland. Various Sources