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Chapter I I-8 JP 3-0 applying military power, CCDRs use the capabilities of assigned, attached, and supporting military forces. They also consider and, when appropriate, integrate the contributions of the other instruments of national power and the capabilities of multinational partners to gain and maintain strategic advantage. For more information on the strategic environment, strategic guidance, strategy and estimates, and the role of CCDRs, refer to JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. For more information on APEX and joint operation planning, refer to JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. (4) Terminating joint operations is an aspect of the CCDR’s functional or theater strategy that links to achievement of national strategic objectives. Based on the President’s strategic objectives that compose a desired national strategic end state, the supported CCDR can develop and propose termination criteria—the specified conditions approved by the President or SecDef that must be met before a joint operation can be concluded. These termination criteria help define the desired military end state, which normally represents a period in time or set of conditions beyond which the President does not require the military instrument of national power as the primary means to achieve remaining national objectives. This period or set of circumstances signals a transition from military to civilian lead of subsequent activities. Strategic and operational-level commanders and their staffs consider termination of operations early in planning in a coordinated effort with relevant interorganizational partners. The ability to understand how and when to terminate operations is instrumental to operational design and planning. For more information on end state and termination, refer to JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. 5. Unified Action a. General. Whereas the term joint operations focuses on the integrated actions of the Armed Forces of the United States in a unified effort, the term unified action has a broader connotation. Unified action has its foundation in national strategic direction, which is governed by the Constitution, federal law, USG policy, international law, and our national interests. Unified action is a comprehensive approach that synchronizes, coordinates, and when appropriate, integrates military operations with the activities of other governmental and NGOs to achieve unity of effort. Enabled by unity of command, US joint forces have established effective mechanisms to achieve military unity of effort. The goal of unified action is to achieve a similar level of unity of effort with external partners, as Figure I-4 shows. This publication uses the term interorganizational partners to refer collectively to USG departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; nongovernmental agencies; and the private sector. This aligns with the term and definition of interorganizational coordination established in JP 3- 08, Interorganizational Coordination During Joint Operations. COMMON OPERATING PRECEPT Achieve and maintain unity of effort within the joint force and between the joint force and interorganizational partners.