JP 3-0, page 35

Fundamentals of Joint Operations I-11 nations retain control of their deployed forces and operate under their own doctrine and procedures, and in a lead nation command construct, the nation providing the preponderance of forces and resources typically provides the commander of the coalition force. These command structures also can exist simultaneously within a coalition. For more information on unified action with respect to multinational participation, refer to JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. For more information on all aspects of multinational operations, refer to JP 3-16, Multinational Operations. For more information on multinational logistics, refer to JP 4-08, Logistics in Support of Multinational Operations. For North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) specific doctrine ratified by the United States, see Allied Joint Publication (AJP)-01(C), Allied Joint Doctrine, and AJP-3(A), Allied Doctrine for Joint Operations. d. Interorganizational Coordination in Unified Action (1) General. CCDRs and subordinate JFCs often operate with interorganizational partners. The nature of interagency coordination demands that JFCs and planners consider the contribution of other instruments of national power and recognize which agencies can best contribute toward achieving objectives. DOD may support other agencies during some operations, but US military forces will remain under the DOD command structure. Federal lead agency responsibility may be prescribed by law or regulation, Presidential directive, policy, or agreement among or between agencies. Even then, because of its resources and well-established planning methods, the joint force will likely provide significant support to the lead agency. (2) Civil-Military Integration (a) Military operations will require some level of civil-military integration. The degree of integration depends on the mission, objectives, and interests involved. Presidential directives guide participation by all USG departments and agencies in such operations. Military leaders work with the other members of the national security team to promote unified action. The agencies’ different and sometimes conflicting policies, procedures, decision-making processes, organizational cultures, and nature and extent of resourcing complicate this interface. (b) Integration and coordination among the military force and interorganizational counterparts are much less rigid than military C2. Some organizations may have policies that conflict with those of the USG, particularly those of the US military. Formal agreements, robust liaison, and information sharing with interorganizational partners are processes that should facilitate common understanding, coordination, and support mission accomplishment. Information sharing with NGOs and the private sector may be more restrictive, but options such as the joint interagency coordination group (JIACG) and civil-military operations center (CMOC) are available to the JFC to facilitate interorganizational coordination and information sharing. DOD, in collaboration with USG departments and agencies, and state, local, and tribal governments use the unifying structures and procedures provided by the National Response Framework (NRF) and the National Incident Management System in order to prepare for, plan, coordinate, and