JP 3-0, page 83

Joint Functions III-31 complements force protection efforts by promoting, improving, preserving, or restoring the mental or physical well being of Service members. Force protection is achieved through the tailored selection and application of multilayered active and passive measures commensurate with the level of risk. Intelligence sources provide information regarding an adversary’s capabilities against personnel and resources, as well as information regarding force protection considerations. Foreign and domestic law enforcement agencies can contribute to force protection through the prevention, detection, response, and investigation of crime, and by sharing information on criminal and terrorist organizations. e. Key Considerations (1) Security of forces and means enhances force protection by identifying and reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts, influence, or surprise. Security operations protect forces, bases, JSAs, and LOCs. Physical security includes physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. The physical security process includes determining vulnerabilities to known threats; applying appropriate deterrent, control, and denial safeguarding techniques and measures; and responding to changing conditions. Functions in physical security include facility security, law enforcement, guard and patrol operations, special land and maritime security areas, and other physical security operations like military working dog operations or emergency and disaster response support. Measures include fencing and perimeter stand-off areas, land or maritime force patrols, lighting and sensors, vehicle barriers, blast protection, intrusion detection systems and electronic surveillance, and access control devices and systems. Physical security measures, like any defense, should be overlapping and deployed in depth. For additional guidance on physical security measures, refer to JP 3-10, Joint Security Operations in Theater. (2) Defensive Counterair. DCA encompasses active and passive measures for air and missile defense that contribute to force protection by detecting, identifying, intercepting, and destroying or negating enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace to include WMD delivery systems. (a) Active air and missile defense includes all direct defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. It includes the use of aircraft, air and missile defense weapons, EW, and other available weapons. Ideally, integration of systems will allow for a defense in depth, with potential for multiple engagements that increase the probability for success. Active air and missile defense recognizes both air defense and missile defense as unique and separate capabilities that are closely integrated. The JSA coordinator coordinates with the AADC to ensure that air and missile defense requirements for the JSA are integrated into air defense plans. (b) Passive air and missile defense includes all measures, other than active air and missile defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats