JP 3-60, page 15

Executive Summary xiii Generally, TSTs are engaged using dynamic targeting, so the command and control arrangements should include the rapid identification and communication capabilities required for expedited decision making. among components. Once this guidance is issued, the components establish planned and reactive procedures for engaging the prioritized TSTs. A critical aspect of successful TST engagement is to understand the level of risk acceptable to the JFC. Items to be considered in the risk assessment include risk to civilians, friendly forces, and noncombatants; possible collateral damage; and the disruption incurred by diverting assets from their deliberately planned missions. The Relationship Between Targeting and Effects It is important that desired and undesired effects be clearly communicated as far down as necessary to ensure these effects are created or avoided respectively. From the targeting perspective, an effect is a change in the physical or behavioral state of a target system, a target system component, a target, or a target element that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect. A desired effect can be thought of as a condition that can support achieving an associated objective, while an undesired effect is a condition that can inhibit progress toward an objective Joint Force Targeting Duties and Responsibilities Joint Targeting Integration and Oversight The JFC’s primary targeting responsibility lies in establishing the objectives that component commanders will achieve throughout the operational environment with their forces (assigned, attached, and supporting). With the advice of subordinate component commanders, JFCs set priorities, provide clear targeting guidance, and determine the weight of effort to be provided to various operations. Throughout the targeting process, JFC and component commanders should establish safeguards to reduce the possibility of friendly fire. Joint standards and methods for estimating collateral damage potential provide mitigation techniques and assist commanders with weighing collateral risk against military necessity and assessing proportionality within the framework of the military decision-making process. Joint Force Targeting Responsibilities The JFC has the responsibility to conduct planning, coordination, and deconfliction associated with joint targeting. Joint targeting coordination responsibilities for the JFC include: