MCRP 12-10B.1, page 133

reduce microphone efficiency. Tactical employment will be degraded by such obstacles as concrete and steel structures, high-density population, and traffic. b. Training in camouflage techniques for microphones and sensor terminals in an urban environment should be conducted. Operators should receive sufficient training to distinguish background-generated clutter from enemy foot, vehicular, and mechanized traffic. Use of and reliance on sensors may be seriously reduced during offensive operations in major urban areas. However, greater use of sensors will occur in subterranean defensive operations. Sensors should continue to be employed as far forward as possible and be centrally controlled. c. Sensor employment should be coordinated with counterintelligence (CI) efforts for placement, readouts, and recovery. Sensors can also play a role in rear areas to augment rear security operations. Sensors, in themselves, are only component elements of an integrated intelligence system. Their employment is limited only by the imagination. 4207. Employment of Air Defense. Basic air defense doctrine does not change when units operate on urbanized terrain. The employment principles of mix, mass, mobility, and integration all apply to the employment of air defense assets. The commander must consider the following when developing his/her air defense plan: a. Enemy air targets such as principal lines of communication and road and rail networks and bridges are often found in and around built-up areas. b. Good firing positions may be difficult to find and occupy for long-range air defense missile systems in the built-up areas. c. Movement between positions is normally restricted in built-up areas. d. Long-range systems can provide air defense cover from positions on or outside of the edge of the city. e. Radar masking and degraded communications reduce air defense warning time for all units. Air defense control measures must be adjusted to permit responsive air defense within this reduced warning environment. f. Positioning of air defense weapons in built-up areas may be limited to more open areas without masking, such as parks, fields, and rail yards. g. Stinger teams provide protection for infantry battalions the same as in any operation. When employed within the built-up area, rooftops normally offer the best firing positions. h. Heavy machine guns emplaced on rooftops can also provide additional air defense. MCWP 3-35 .3 4-20