ADP 3-90, page 25

Common Tactical Concepts and Echelons 31 July 2019 ADP 3-90 2-7 2-29. A fire support coordination measure is a measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces (JP 3-0). FSCMs govern the employment of artillery and mortars, attacks by Army rotary-wing aircraft, fires from unmanned aircraft, and close air support and air interdiction by fixed-wing aircraft. FSCMs enhance the rapid engagement of targets; protect forces, populations, critical infrastructure, and sites of religious or cultural significance; and shape future operations. Commanders position and adjust FSCMs consistent with the situation and after consulting higher, subordinate, supporting, and affected commanders. 2-30. FSCMs can be either permissive or restrictive in nature. Permissive FSCMs are the coordinated fire line, fire support coordination line (FSCL), free-fire area, and the kill box. Restrictive FSCMs are the no-fire area, restrictive fire area, restrictive fire line, fire support area and fire support station, and zone of fire. There are additional target acquisition control measures and airspace coordinating measures that impact the clearance of fires, such as critical friendly zones, call for fire zones, artillery target intelligence zones, sensor zones, airspace coordination areas, coordinating altitudes, and restricted operations areas. (See FM 3-09 for the definition of each of these FSCMs and a discussion of each use.) Security 2-31. The general security of all units operating within an AO is the responsibility of the unit assigned the AO. Unit commanders remain responsible for their unit’s local security. Commanders assigned AOs assess risk and perform security operations. The conduct of security operations prevents surprise and provides time for units located within an AO to respond to enemy actions. When commanders cannot or choose not to provide security measures throughout their AO, they specify what they are not providing and then coordinate with adjacent, subordinate, and tenant units. Personnel Recovery 2-32. Army personnel recovery is the military efforts taken to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel (FM 3-50). Isolation occurs through enemy action, disorientation, or environmental conditions. The commander assigned an AO is responsible for recovering and returning isolated persons within that AO to friendly control. Large-scale combat operations require an analysis of the mission variable before triggering an immediate response. If immediate recovery is not undertaken or is not successful, the unit conducts detailed planning and executes deliberate recovery. Army forces support external supported recovery of joint task force components, interagency organizations, and multinational forces. (See FM 3-50 for additional information on Army personnel recovery and the operations process.) Airspace Control of Assigned Airspace 2-33. Airspace control is capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace (JP 3-52). The division joint air-ground integration center (JAGIC)—composed of the Army’s fires cell, air missile defense cell, airspace element, and USAF’s air support operations center and tactical air control party—executes airspace control responsibilities for division-assigned airspace when the division headquarters serves as tactical headquarters and is assigned a volume of airspace by the airspace control authority. The division airspace element coordinates with the Army battlefield coordination detachment’s airspace section. If the division is the senior Army headquarters, this element ensures the joint airspace policies and documents incorporate the Army airspace priorities and requirements. The division is normally a tactical headquarters subordinate to a tactical corps or a joint force land component. In this case, the airspace element provides airspace requirements to the higher headquarters’ airspace section for integration into its airspace plan. (See paragraph 2-35 for more information on the division airspace element.) This integration applies to the next airspace control order and the higher echelon headquarters’ airspace control appendix. (See ATP 3-92 for more information on the airspace element’s responsibilities when the division is an operational headquarters.) 2-34. The airspace element is the airspace functional lead for the division staff. Airspace element personnel integrate airspace operations with the functional and integrating cells through the airspace control working group. The tactical air control party and the air support operations center (known as ASOC) are co-located with the division headquarters; they are also part of the airspace control working group. The airspace element develops standard operating procedures and airspace control annexes that help standardize airspace control