AFDD 2-1.9, page 50
Targeting
Air Force Doctrine Document: Targeting
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It is critically important to stress that all estimates generated during this phase are
situation-specific, reflecting the pairing of a particular force against a particular target,
under a particular condition of employment. As such, users of this information should
be cautioned against assuming that the estimated effectiveness of a force capability
under one set of circumstances is broadly applicable to other circumstances. Relatively
minor targeting variations may have an exaggerated impact on effects estimates. It is
equally important to stress these estimates of performance are not designed to take into
account considerations outside of the realm of weapon-target interaction (e.g., they do
not address whether or not the delivery system will survive to reach the target.)
Targeteers must know the capabilities of platforms, weapons, and fuzes for kinetic
weapons available for use and be aware of their availability. They must also be familiar
with the standard conventional load platforms in their theater and delivery tactics.
Weaponeering results will only be useful if the employment parameters assumed in
weaponeering match those used in combat. Targeteers should work closely with the
operations and logistics staff to obtain required information. As a rule of thumb, theater
component targeting branches should request a copy of the time-phased force and
deployment data (TPFDD) to obtain units’ expected input options selected from the
JMEM’s automated programs, to provide realistic planning data. Weaponeering must
also take into account the availability of the various weapons being considered. Certain
high value weapons, such as those capable of deep penetration or other special effects,
are normally limited in number and should only be used against those targets that both
require the weapon for successful attack and are of sufficiently high priority to warrant
the expenditure of the resource. Making these decisions is part of “target allocation.”
Finally, some weapons, particularly certain IO capabilities, require long lead times in
planning, deployment, and approval, which means that such capabilities must be
thought about early and included in the JAEP.
Allocation. As mentioned previously, there are two types of allocation relevant to
the tasking cycle. The first is “target allocation” and it starts early in the targeting
process. Prior to the TET target coordination meeting, the MAAP team determines how
many aimpoints can be serviced on the given ATO day from the MAAP Team. The TET
then goes over the lists of nominated targets and determines which “make the cut” on
that day’s proposed JIPTL. The TET must work closely with the SD and the MAAP
team to ensure the prioritized list ties into the JAOP and AOD appropriately. The SD
must ensure the TET understands how effects and objectives are prioritized, how they
are to be achieved over time, and that it has a macro-level idea of the number of targets
associated with each objective. The TET then collects target nominations from other
sources and works a daily allocation of targets that have been planned against the
effects and objectives to build the daily JIPTL. Approaching JIPTL construction in this
way helps avoid an ad hoc, target-servicing approach.
The second type of allocation is “force allocation” (or air allocation as it is
customarily thought of). This is the translation of the air apportionment decision into the
total number of sorties or missions by weapon system type available for each operation
or task. (Note: This modifies the joint definition found in JP 1-02.) It falls under the