JP 3-0, page 14

Executive Summary xii JP 3-0 assign tasks to the appropriate command. Tactical Level. Tactics is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. Joint doctrine focuses this term on planning and executing battles, engagements, and activities at the tactical level to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. Types of Military Operations Each military operation may occur simultaneously with or independently of other operations, or multiple operations may overlap. The United States employs its military capabilities in support of its national security goals in a variety of military operations. Operations such as counterinsurgency (COIN) and counterterrorism are primarily related to IW. Large-scale combat operations associated with traditional warfare typically characterize major operations and campaigns, although the extended nature of some IW will require operations phased over time as a campaign. The Art of Joint Command Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. While command authority stems from appropriate orders and other directives, the art of command resides in the commander’s ability to use situational leadership to maximize operational performance. The combination of courage, ethical leadership, judgment, intuition, situational awareness, and the ability to consider contrary views gained over time through training, education, and experience helps commanders make difficult decisions in complex situations. Commander-Centric Leadership Historical analysis shows that commander-centric organizations out-perform staff-centric, process- oriented organizations. A commander’s perspective of the challenge at hand is broader and more comprehensive than the staff’s due to interaction with civilian leaders; senior, peer, subordinate, and supporting commanders; and interorganizational partners. Clear commander’s guidance and intent, enriched by the commander’s experience and intuition, are common to high-performing units. Operational Art Operational art applies to all aspects of joint operations and Operational art is the use of creative thinking by commanders and staffs to design strategies, campaigns, and major operations and organize and employ military forces. Operational art