JP 3-0, page 149

Joint Operations Across the Range of Military Operations V-43 (4) The electromagnetic spectrum, which has become increasingly complex, contested, and congested as technology has advanced, can significantly affect joint force operations. Operational experiences demonstrate not only how successful control of the EMS can influence the outcome of the conflict, but highlight US dependence on the EMS in order to successfully operate. When planning operations, the JFC should consider both the impact of military operations on the current EM operational environment as well as its affect on military operations. 14. Considerations for Seizing the Initiative a. General. As operations commence, the JFC needs to exploit friendly advantages and capabilities to shock, demoralize, and disrupt the enemy immediately. The JFC seeks decisive advantage through the use of all available elements of combat power to seize and maintain the initiative, deny the enemy the opportunity to achieve its objectives, and generate in the enemy a sense of inevitable failure and defeat. Additionally, the JFC coordinates with OGAs to facilitate coherent use of all instruments of national power in achieving national strategic objectives. b. Force Projection (1) The President and SecDef may direct a CCDR to resolve a crisis quickly, employing immediately available forces and appropriate FDOs as discussed above to preclude escalation. When these forces and actions are not sufficient, follow-on strikes and/or the deployment of forces from CONUS or another theater and/or the use of multinational forces may be necessary. Consequently, the CCDR must sequence, enable, and protect the deployment of forces to achieve early decisive advantage. The CCDR should not overlook enemy capabilities to affect deployment from bases to ports of embarkation. The CCDR may have to adjust the time-phased force and deployment data to meet a changing operational environment. The deployment of forces may be either opposed or unopposed by an adversary. (a) Opposed. Initial operations may be designed to suppress adversary anti-access capabilities. For example, the ability to generate sufficient combat power through long-range air operations or from the sea can provide for effective force projection in the absence of timely or unencumbered access. Other opposed situations may require a forcible entry capability. In other cases, force projection can be accomplished rapidly by forcible entry operations coordinated with strategic air mobility, sealift, and pre-positioned forces. For example, the seizure and defense of lodgment areas by amphibious forces would then serve as initial entry points for the continuous and uninterrupted flow of pre-positioned forces and materiel into the theater. Both efforts demand a versatile mix of forces that are organized, trained, equipped, and poised to respond quickly. (b) Unopposed deployment operations provide the JFC and subordinate components a more flexible operational environment to efficiently and effectively build combat power, train, rehearse, acclimate, and otherwise establish the conditions for successful combat operations. In unopposed entry, JFCs arrange the flow of forces, to