JP 3-0, page 70

Chapter III III-18 JP 3-0 intent, actions, and information disseminated about those actions. While audiences and intent at times differ, the JFC, through the communications strategy and JOPP, coordinates planning for PA, IO, CMO, and DSPD to establish and reinforce consistent themes and messages. (4) PA and IO activities directly support military objectives; counter adversary propaganda, misinformation, and disinformation; and deter adversary actions. Although both PA and IO plan and execute public information activities and conduct media analysis, IO may differ with respect to audience, scope, and intent. As such, they are governed by separate procedures. JFCs ensure appropriate coordination between PA and IO activities consistent with the DOD principles of information, policy, or legal limitation and security. For additional guidance on PA, refer to JP 3-61, Public Affairs. o. Civil-Military Operations. CMO establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace to facilitate military operations and consolidate and achieve the commander’s objectives. CMO may include activities and functions normally the responsibility of the local, regional, or national governments. CMO are conducted to minimize civil-military friction and threats from the civil component, maximize support for operations, and meet the commander’s legal obligations and moral responsibilities to the civilian populations within the operational area. These activities may occur prior to, during, or after other military actions. They also may occur, if directed, in the absence of other military operations. CMO are an inherent command responsibility. For additional guidance on CMO, refer to JP 3-57, Civil-Military Operations. p. Military Deception. Military deception (MILDEC) includes actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary decision makers as to friendly military capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. The intent is to cause adversary commanders to form inaccurate impressions about friendly force dispositions, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and intentions; misuse their ISR assets; and/or fail to employ combat or support units to their best advantage. As executed by JFCs, MILDEC targets adversary leaders and decision makers through the manipulation of adversary intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination systems. MILDEC depends on intelligence to identify appropriate deception targets, to assist in developing a credible story, to identify and orient on appropriate receivers (the readers of the story), and to assess the effectiveness of the deception effort. Deception requires a thorough knowledge of opponents and their decision- making processes. During the formulation of the CONOPS, planners determine how the JFC wants the adversary to act at critical points in the operation. Those desired adversary actions then become the MILDEC objective. MILDEC is focused on causing the opponents to act in a desired manner, not simply to be misled in their thinking. For additional guidance on MILDEC, refer to JP 3-13.4, Military Deception.