JP 3-0, page 99

Organizing for Joint Operations IV-7 assigned commands and forces and normally of attached forces within the assigned operational or functional area. (3) Joint Task Forces (JTFs). A JTF is a joint force that is constituted and so designated by SecDef, a CCDR, a subordinate unified command commander, or an existing commander, joint task force (CJTF) to accomplish missions with specific, limited objectives and which do not require centralized control of logistics. However, there may be situations where a CJTF may require directive authority for common support capabilities delegated by the CCDR. JTFs may be established on a geographical area or functional basis. JTFs normally are established to achieve operational objectives. When direct participation by departments other than DOD is significant, the TF establishing authority may designate it as a joint interagency task force. This might typically occur when the other interagency partners have primacy and legal authority and the JFC provides supporting capabilities, such as disaster relief and humanitarian assistance. The proper authority dissolves a JTF when the JTF achieves the purpose for which it was created or is no longer required. There are several ways to form a JTF HQ. Normally, the CCMD’s Service component HQ or the Service component’s existing subordinate HQ (e.g., Army corps, numbered air force, numbered fleet and Marine expeditionary force) to convert themselves to JTF HQ. Also, the theater SO command or a subordinate SOF HQ with the requisite C2 capability can form the basis for a JTF HQ staff. CCDRs are responsible for verifying the readiness of assigned Service HQ staffs to establish, organize, and operate as a JTF-capable HQ. JTF HQ basing depends on the JTF mission, operational environment, and available capabilities and support. JTF HQ can be land- or sea-based with transitions between both basing options. JTFs are normally assigned a JOA. (4) Forming the joint force HQ and task organizing the joint force prior to operations can be challenging, particularly in crisis action situations. During operations, the ability to quickly adjust both operations and organization in response to planned operational transitions or unexpected situational transitions is essential. For example, achieving combat-related objectives in the dominate phase of an operation much earlier than anticipated could require the JFC to shift emphasis and organization quickly to stability operations commonly associated with the stabilize (Phase IV), and enable civil authority (Phase V) phases. For further guidance on the formation and employment of a JTF HQ to command and control a joint operation, refer to JP 3-33, Joint Task Force Headquarters. c. Component Options. Regardless of the organizational and command arrangements within joint commands, Service component commanders retain responsibility for certain Service-specific functions and other matters affecting their COMMON OPERATING PRECEPT Maintain operational and organizational flexibility.