JP 3-60, page 40

Chapter II II-10 JP 3-60 adversary to organize substitute consumption, alternate production, or procurement before the system is functionally degraded. c. Recuperation is a measurement of the time and cost required for a target to regain its functional capability after being disrupted. By assigning each target a reconstitution or recuperation time factor, such as days required to rebuild the facility or perform the original function again, the amount of target value restored each day can be estimated. The target analyst can then determine the timing or necessity for a reattack. d. Capacity is measured in two ways: current output and maximum output. Current output may be represented by such things as plant production based on the present labor force, economy of the country, current demand for the product, and demonstrated production over the past two or three years. Maximum output is an assessment of full-capacity production based upon existing equipment and continuous operation over a 24-hour day. 2. Vulnerability. A target’s vulnerability refers to the physical susceptibility to damage, disruption, intrusion, interference, or other desired effect. Vulnerability affects the size and types of action required to damage, disrupt, or otherwise affect a target, in addition to such factors as munitions and fuzing requirements. There are six characteristics that contribute to a target’s vulnerability: a. Cushion is a measure of the extent to which a single target can absorb a disruptive influence and continue to function. Viewed another way, cushion is that portion of the target that must be affected in order to reach desired outcomes. Determining this point for an industry or a military target requires detailed analysis of a target’s operation, including idle plant capacity, replacement substitution and expansion capacity, civilian production use, the production of nonessential military items or services, and production or provision of substitute materials or services. b. Reserves provide a quantity of stored resources that may be used when the normal supply of the resource is disrupted. Assessment of reserves depends upon the estimation of the system use or flow rate. The measure of reserves is the percentage of the products used versus the total products available. c. Dispersion is the geographic distribution of the targets in a target system and/or target elements within a target. A target with a large number of dispersed target elements presents a more difficult target engagement problem than does a tightly concentrated target. Alternatively, dispersion may degrade the efficiency of an adversary’s capabilities by making his own operations more complex. d. Mobility is a measure of the time required to shift a target’s function from one location to another. Mobility affects both the perishability of the information about the location of the target and friendly system’s ability to detect, locate, identify, and take action against the target. e. Countermeasures mean the ability to counteract the potential disruptive activity of the friendly system through active and passive means. This can involve