JP 3-60, page 45

The Joint Targeting Cycle II-15 (3) All estimates generated during this phase are situation-specific, reflecting the pairing of forces against targets under particular conditions of employment. As such, users of this information must use caution in assuming that the estimated effectiveness of a force capability under one set of circumstances is broadly applicable to other circumstances. Relatively minor targeting variations may have an unintended impact on effects estimates. It is equally important to stress that these estimates of performance are not designed to take into account considerations outside of the realm of ATI (e.g., they do not address whether or not the delivery system will survive to reach the target). Estimates of consequences only consider the first order effects of ATI and do not model higher-order desired effects or unintended collateral effects. (4) Weaponeering is conducted in the third phase of the joint targeting cycle during which appropriate weapons or other capabilities are matched with target elements to create the desired effects on the target(s). It is the process of determining the quantity of a specific type of lethal or nonlethal means required to create a desired effect on a given target. (a) Weaponeering is part of advanced target development. Since not all targets will require advanced target development, only prioritized targets (i.e., targets within TNLs and JIPTLs) should require the extra effort necessary to weaponeer. (b) Planners and weaponeers should not arbitrarily exclude any capability that can create the desired effect(s). For example, inclusion of interagency capabilities may be leveraged to create more powerful, comprehensive, and enduring results. At present, weaponeering is more developed to support munitions than nonlethal actions. The Services, as well as the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness (JTCG/ME), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Joint Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), have developed a number of quantitative techniques used to estimate weapon effectiveness and collateral damage risk. The JTCG/ME develops operational and analytical models used to measure and predict munitions effectiveness. These models produce a large body of scientifically valid data, which enable weaponeers to predict the effectiveness of weapons against most selected targets. Inputs to these calculations include target characteristics (e.g., size, shape, and hardness), desired damage criteria or probability of damage (PD) calculations, and delivery parameters (e.g., altitudes, speeds, dive angles). Model outputs include the predicted effectiveness of selected weapons and target pairings or the number of assets required to create desired effects using specified weapons and/or delivery systems. (c) Considering both nonlethal capabilities and nonlethal effects should be a part of this analysis. Though highly effective for their intended purpose, lethal capabilities may not always be suitable. For example, during stability operations, military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence operations, the application of lethal fires is normally greatly restricted, making nonlethal capability use the dominant feasible option. The considerations for use of nonlethal capabilities in targeting should not pertain to only specific phases or missions, but should be integrated throughout the operation. (d) The JFC may also need to address concerns about inflicting unintended casualties among noncombatants and civilians and producing collateral damage to