JP 3-60, page 51

The Joint Targeting Cycle II-21 The joint targeting process monitors these changes in order to allow commanders to decisively use joint force capabilities to seize and maintain the initiative. These dynamic changes require particular attention to positive identification (PID), combat identification (CID), and target validation. (a) PID is an identification derived from observation and analysis of target characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non-cooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques. PID is acquired during step 2 (Fix) during F2T2EA. CID is the process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. CID is acquired prior to engagement. (b) Target validation is a critical function during this phase. Validation during execution includes analysis of the situation to determine if planned targets still contribute to objectives (including changes to plans and objectives), if targets are accurately located, and how planned actions will impact other friendly operations. (3) Lessons learned from recent operations have demonstrated the need for a distinct focus on dynamic targeting during phase 5. Phases 1 through 4 of the joint targeting cycle collectively produce targeting tasks, products, and the commander’s guidance for all targeting, whether deliberate or dynamic. In coordination with joint components and other agencies, the JFC and staff develop dynamic targeting guidance, which should include as a minimum priorities and guidance for dynamic targeting and identification of requirements by components; prioritization of targets, including TST criteria and procedures and component- critical targets; guidance for acquisition; and action against the targets. (See Figure II-9 for a comparison between deliberate and dynamic targeting during phase 5.) The JFC should articulate risk tolerance sufficiently to let on-scene commanders understand his intent when dynamic targeting requires accelerated coordination. (4) Dynamic targeting has often been called F2T2EA or the “kill chain” and has also been used for specifically engaging TSTs (see Figure II-10). Its applicability extends to all targets whether developed during deliberate targeting or dynamic targeting. Targets of opportunity have been the traditional focus of dynamic targeting because decisions on whether and how to engage must be made quickly. However, planned targets are also covered during this phase but the steps simply confirm, verify, and validate previous decisions (in some cases requiring changes or cancellation). The steps of dynamic targeting may be accomplished iteratively and in parallel. The find, fix, track, and assess steps tend to be ISR-intensive, while the target and engage steps are typically labor-, force-, and decision making- intensive. Whether dynamic or deliberate targeting is used the next phase is assessment. (a) Step 1—Find (Figure II-11) 1. During this step, emerging targets are detected and characterized for further prosecution.