AFDP 3-60, page 26

Air Force Doctrine Publication 3-60, Targeting 23 Weaponeering for non-air domain targets is typically conducted by other components. Weaponeering for space (non-terrestrial) targets is conducted by the Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC), in conjunction with US Space Command.31 The 616th Operations Center coordinates solutions for cyberspace targets in conjunction with United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM), which is subsequently published via a cyberspace tasking order (CTO).32 The final weaponeering solution is chosen by the MAAP team. All approved targets are weaponeered and include the following weapon systems and collateral damage considerations: Weapon System Considerations. Some weapons or capabilities require long lead times in planning, deployment, and approval, so they should be considered early and included at the beginning of the JPPA. Weaponeering should consider the availability of certain high-value weapons, which are normally limited in number and should be used only against targets that both require the weapon for a successful attack and are of sufficient priority to warrant expenditure. Many units specialize in weaponeering or point mensuration for specific munitions or target categories and can provide reachback capability (see Appendix B). Collateral Damage. Collateral Damage is a form of collateral effect that causes unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. Precautions should be taken to reduce the risk of harm to civilians, other persons, and protected objects.33 According to the LoW, expected incidental damage to civilian objects should not be excessive in relation to the expected concrete and direct military advantage to be gained. Collateral damage criteria were established based on this foundational principle. Furthermore, established ROE and the LoW also address concerns about collateral damage. Targeteers should comply with CDE directives and instructions.34 Collateral damage methodologies are aids to the decision-maker when approving targets for military action. They provide logical and repeatable methods to ensure due diligence in limiting civilian suffering while enabling the commander to assess risk in accomplishing military objectives. CDEs are not designed to limit military action, but to mitigate, as much as possible, unintended consequences. Certain levels of CDE require expertise beyond the air component commander or JFC and should be coordinated through the TTA team via reachback and federated relationships. This also applies to non-AOC weaponeering and attack planning processes for non-kinetic operations and NLRPs. Coordination with the IWT is critical during this stage 31 For additional information on US Space Command and targeting, see AFDP 3-14, Space Support and SDP 3-101, Targeting. 32 For additional information on cyberspace operations, see AFDP 3-12, Cyberspace Operations. 33 For additional information on protection of civilians, see DoDI 3000.17, Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response. 34 See CJCSI 3160.01, No-Strike and Collateral Damage Estimation Methodology, for additional information.