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The Joint Targeting Cycle II-5 desired end state. The ability to generate the type and extent of effects necessary to achieve the commander’s objectives distinguishes effective targeting. For more information on end state and commander’s objectives see JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. (3) Equally important is the development of observable, achievable, and reasonable measures (such as measures of effectiveness [MOEs] and measures of performance [MOPs]) and indicators to assess whether the effects and objectives are being or have been attained. Measures and indicators help focus target development within the joint targeting process and are critical to enabling assessment. Measures and indicators are coordinated between operations, plans, and intelligence for approval by the commander. d. Phase 2—Target Development and Prioritization (1) Target development is the analysis, assessment, and documentation processes to identify and characterize potential targets that, when successfully engaged, support the achievement of the commander’s objectives. A fully developed target must comply with national and command guidance, law of war, and the applicable ROE to be engaged. Phase 2 is comprised of three steps: (a) Target system analysis; (b) Entity-level target development; and (c) Target list management (TLM). (2) Target developers systematically examine the enemy to the entities to the elements utilizing the targeting taxonomy, which hierarchically orders the adversary, its capabilities, and the targets which enable the capabilities into a clarifying framework (see Figure II-3). For more information on the targeting taxonomy, see CJCSI 3370.01, Target Development Standards. (a) Target systems are typically a broad set of interrelated functionally associated components that generally produce a common output or have a shared mission. Target development always approaches adversary capabilities from a target systems perspective. This includes physical, logical, and complex social systems, and the interaction among them. While a single target may be significant because of its own characteristics, the target’s real importance lies in its relationship to other targets within an operational system. A target system is most often considered as a collection of assets directed to perform a specific function or series of functions (see Figure II-4). While target systems are intra-dependent to perform a specific function, they are also interdependent in support of adversary capabilities (e.g., the electric power system may provide energy to run the adversary’s railroads that are a key component of their military logistic system). System- level target development links these multiple target systems and their components to reflect both their intra- and interdependency that, in aggregate, contribute to the adversary