MCRP 12-10B.1, page 267

Organization for Combat Movement/Positioning Delivery of Fire Security Command and Control Centralized control is required during initial phases; decentralized control is required during later phases to support semi-independent actions of small units. Movement should occur during night or periods of reduced visibility when possible. There are few displacements, often by platoon or section. Positions should be selected that minimize masking, provide several routes of escape, and afford as much cover and concealment as possible. Use of existing structures (garages, office buildings, highway overpasses) is recommended. Special techniques for emplacing howitzers, such as spades against a curb when the ground is not suitable for emplacement, may be required. Explosives may be required to soften emplacement of howitzers. Reconnaissance, selection, and occupation of position (RSOP) elements should be well armed because they may have to clear areas to be occupied. Extensive route reconnaissance is required. Target acquisition devices are somewhat degraded. Radars should be emplaced to cover likely areas of enemy indirect-fire weapon employment. Radars should not be placed in the midst of an urban area because of masking. Both direct and indirect fires are delivered for supported units. Destruction of fortifications may require assault fire techniques. High-angle fires may be required. Need for accurate meteorological (MET) and survey data increases because most targets are point targets. Improved conventional munition and variable time (fuze) effects are reduced by structures, although they are effective against personnel on rooftops. HE delay is used for penetration effects. Illumination, chemical incendiary ammunition, and smoke are effective. Ammunition expenditures will be heavy. Lasers and PGMs permit destruction of targets with minimal rubbling of adjacent buildings. Tall buildings may hamper laser use. Batteries must be prepared for hasty survey techniques. Magnetic instruments are impaired. Positions must be fortified. Radio communications are impaired by buildings. Wire can usually be run overhead. Make use of civilian communications. A greater use of messengers and prearranged audio and visual signals is required. Table B-13. Artillery Employment Considerations in Built-Up Areas Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain B - 35