british empire

…Their road movements were steadily bombed by US Air Force A-10s and B-52s (dropping 500-pound bombs) and British Tornados. An Iraqi commander concluded that their movement south had been one of the Iraqi…

…The British 1st Airborne Division made a surprise landing near the Dutch city of Arnhem in order to seize a bridge over the Rhine river for advancing British forces. An unexpected German armor force counterattacked and…

…Nonetheless, many power generator plants were destroyed later in the campaign, in part because traditional empirical measurements of electrical capacity showed that the Iraqis still had substantial usable resources. This hampered civilian recovery following the campaign…

…TA consists of several component elements: › Physical damage assessment (PDA) estimates the extent of physical damage to a target based upon observation or empirically based interpretation. PDA involves cooperative effort between units in the field and…

…Independent qualitative or quantitative empirical measure assigned to an intended effect, against which the effect’s achievement is assessed. Also call MOE. (AFDD 2-1.9) measure of performance. A quantitative empirical measure of achieved actions…

…There may often be “gray areas” between MOP, MOE, and SI—empirical data supporting objective accomplishment, for instance—but all measures that determine accomplishment of objectives are SI, regardless of the level of war. To be…

…It is particularly important that this assessment be based on desired effects rather than simple empirical measures of damage. Many times, effects against systems like electricity and communications can be achieved with little physical damage. › Evaluation…

…A direct effect is the first-order result of action with no intervening mechanism between act and outcome—usually immediate and empirically verifiable, like the results of weapons employment. Indirect effects are more complicated. An indirect…

…They are qualitative, sometimes subjective measures, independent of MOP or other empirical measures that determine whether indirect effects and the objectives they lead to are being accomplished. Qualitative means primarily that judgment must be made in…