…During the battle of Beirut II, the IDF’s objective was to drive the PLO from Lebanon. The ability of the PLO to leverage the media to gain an advantage was one of the most significant…

…As an example, the IDF in Beirut II employed bombing by fixed-wing aircraft using cluster bomb units, “smart” bombs, phosphorous, and other munitions. Attack helicopters operated on the outskirts of the built up area with…

…human intelligence IDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Israeli Defense Forces IFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infantry fighting vehicle IPB . . intelligence preparation of the battlefield/battlespace ITOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . improved TOW JTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint task force KOCOA . . . . . . . key terrain, observation and fields of fire, cover and concealment, obstacles…

…The Egyptians prepared “kill zones” on the principal avenues down which the IDF armored forces attacked. As the lead IDF armor battalion entered the second of the three road intersection objectives, the Egyptians engaged with Sagger…

…Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) attempted to seize this Egyptian city before the anticipated United Nations (U.N.) cease-fire to end the Yom Kippur War. IDF armored shock tactics led to disaster against a well-prepared…

…Fighting under domestic and world political pressures, the IDF besieged the PLO, selectively applying heavy ground and air firepower in conjunction with psychological warfare and limited-objective ground operations. The fighting resulted in a negotiated PLO…

…Its high volume of explosive power created shock among IDF armor personnel akin to the shock that the IDF armor thrust tactics were designed to create. During Sidon, the IDF used 20-mm antiaircraft Vulcans in…