wall street journal

…Fragments from 60-mm HE rounds landing as close as 10 feet cannot penetrate a single sandbag layer or a single-layer brick wall. The effect of a 60-mm mortar HE round that achieves a…

…The mortar’s high angle of fire allows the round to reach the street level accurately without being masked by surrounding structures. During the battle for Hue city, the most effective fire support provided to Marines…

…It can be used for light blasting and demolitions and for creating breach holes in interior walls. The concussion produced by the MK3A2 is much greater than that of the fragmentation grenade. It is very effective…

…Dead space is the area in which indirect fires cannot reach the street level because of buildings. This area is a safe haven for the enemy because he/she is protected from indirect fires. For low…

…The fighting was unusual in that combat was largely centered on seizure of street barricades rather than buildings. (Length of battle: 6 - 13 days) (Casualties: Marines, 2,383; others, estimated in the thousands) i. Jerusalem (1967…

…About 100 armed Somali stood with ladders by one wall. As the CH-53Es flew into the compound, the Somalis scattered. Shortly after the helicopters touched down, a special operations AC-130 gunship arrived overhead to…

…The squad leader should carry a map, compass, street plan, and notebook in which he/she has detailed the information that he/she must gather. One Marine is assigned to carry the tools needed to open…

…Vehicles veering into the narrow side streets became trapped and were destroyed. The lack of infantry to protect the armor proved disastrous to the attacking armor battalion. (3) Artillery. Artillery has played an important role in…

…These fires are particularly effective on buildings and on targets with a linear axis such as streets and airfields. Because of its flat trajectory, NGF employment is limited on targets within the city. Firing Military Operations…

…Thick masonry, stone, or brick walls offer excellent protection from direct fire and may provide concealed routes into or out of the position. b. After camouflage is completed, the Marine inspects his/her position from the…

…Bridges, walls/fences, canals, streams, rivers, as well as rubble created by the effects of weapons should be thoroughly analyzed. Construction sites and commercial operations such as lumberyards, brickyards, steelyards, and railroad maintenance yards are primary…

…Also, rubble in the streets, barricades, and demolition of roads will require a heavy reliance on litter teams. (3) Communications presents one of the biggest obstacles to casualty evacuation. Urbanized terrain renders LOS radios ineffective. Also…

…Marines may need to organize into carrying elements if streets are blocked by rubble. b. Resupply of Fuel. The amount of bulk fuel needed by forces during combat in built-up areas is greatly reduced. Combat…

…Emergency clearing of debris from streets, roads, bridges, airfields, ports, and waterways in support of recovery and humanitarian needs. 4. Immediate humanitarian needs of the dislocated populace, such as the construction of temporary shelters and support…

…The Russians found the recovery of vehicles to be extremely difficult due to the terrain (i.e., narrow streets, rubble and debris), and Chechen opposition. (5) Some Russian equipment was modified in the field to counter…

…Most built-up areas have electric power; therefore, street lights and/or building lights may “white out” some light intensification devices unless the power is disrupted or lights are turned off. b. Fires may be burning…

…Shutting off the power to the street lights is much easier than shooting out the lights. Commanders must balance the tradeoff between force protection and maintaining law and order after the battle is over. During cold…