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…During urban warfare, the rear echelon COC is usually closer to combat forces than normal as it uses the city’s captured buildings and facilities to provide cover and concealment for stocking supplies, conducting maintenance repair…

…have no unintended consequences on friendly units or the scheme of maneuver. (FM 3-09) close combat Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires and other assets…

…Messengers provide a secure and flexible means of communication, particularly in an electronic warfare (EW) environment. However, careful selection of messenger routes is necessary to avoid pockets of enemy resistance. Disorientation in an urban environment occurs…

… Count the marks or votes for each criterion on the list and write the total to the right of the criterion and marks.  Review the totals of each criterion and determine how many of…

…It increases the odds of getting the right answer, and it leaves an audit trail showing the evidence used in the analysis and how this evidence was interpreted. If others disagree with the analyst’s judgment…

…g., Santo Domingo, Caracas, Belfast, Managua, and Beirut) demonstrates the importance many insurgent groups place on urban warfare. (3) In the past 40 years, many cities have expanded dramatically, losing their well-defined boundaries as they…

…line of departure In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of attack elements. (JP 3-31) *linkup A meeting of friendly ground forces, which occurs in a variety of circumstances. *local security The…

…Terrorists are an integral element in an insurgency and also play a major role in unconventional warfare. Terrorists can disrupt economic functions, expose a government’s incompetence, eliminate opposition leaders, and elevate social anxiety. (See MCRP…

…Careful consideration of these five factors can minimize the cost of urban warfare to the attacker. Attacker cost was generally high in casualties, time, and resources in the majority of urban battles studied. From the standpoint…

… Aiding in the process of creating key indicator lists so that the command team can set the right conditions to make the most favorable scenarios become reality.  Setting conditions to deny the threat the…

…Basic tenets of manuever warfare remain the same in MOOTW, but the tactics, techniques, and procedures may have to be modified to stay within established ROE and to avoid unnecessary collateral damage. 7202. Rules of Engagement…

…All internet communications are vulnerable to censorship, surveillance, entrapment, manipulation, and information warfare. Granted, this can apply to all communications on Earth, but there is a reason that powerful entities have spent substantial portions of defense…

…Number and type of available units Task organization for urban combat (See Appendix A.) Availability of critical weapons systems State of training and discipline (training for urban warfare is imperative) Strength in terms of Marines and…

…Unit commanders always retain the inherent right and obligation to exercise unit self-defense in response to a hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent. Unless otherwise directed by a unit commander, military members may exercise individual…

…Commanders focus on attacking the right combination of targets to accomplish the mission at the least cost. They create exploitable opportunities through rapid, violently executed, and unpredictable attacks that minimize an enemy force’s ability to…

…The method by which snipers are employed in urban warfare will be governed by the nature of the terrain/weather, number of snipers available, and whether the enemy employs snipers. A sniper can play an important…

…column, line, echelon (left or right), box, diamond, wedge, and vee. Terrain characteristics and visibility determine the actual arrangement and location of the unit’s personnel and vehicles within a given formation. (FM 3-90-1…

…In addition to information about the location of enemy units, nature of the terrain, trafficability of roads, etc., that all operations require, urban warfare requires detailed information on the following: Population density, characteristics, and culture Location…

…In the absence of guidance, the general rules of the law of land warfare apply. c. Security. The presence of noncombatants increases security requirements in an urban environment to preclude: Noncombatants entering defensive areas Pilferage of…

…Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint Operations. 06 September 2016. JP 3-18. Joint Forcible Entry Operations. 11 May 2017. JP 3-31. Joint Land Operations. 24 February 2014. JP 3-52. Joint Airspace Control…