national command authority

…A commander may describe an attack as hasty or deliberate, depending on the time available for assessing the situation, planning, and preparing. A commander may decide to conduct an attack using only fires, based on an…

…Effective commanders include passive air defense measures in planning at all levels. 3-99. Commanders establish air defense priorities based on the concept of operations, scheme of maneuver, air situation, critical and defended asset lists, and…

…Armed with an appreciation of an enemy force’s capability to conduct vertical envelopment, commanders take steps to counterattack enemy forces before they launch, during their movement to the drop zone, or at the landing zone…

Chapter 4 4-2 ADP 3-90 31 July 2019 and cyberspace assets in addition to lethal systems to target enemy command and control systems and disrupt enemy forces in depth by isolating forward echelons from…

…The offense is the ultimate means commanders have of imposing their will on enemy forces. Army forces conduct the offense to defeat and destroy enemy forces as well as gain control of terrain, resources, and population…

…To determine the appropriate formation, commanders consider the advantages and disadvantages of each formation in the areas of command, control, maintenance, firepower orientation, ability to mass fires, and flexibility. All movement formations use one or more…

…A higher echelon commander rarely specifies the specific form of maneuver a subordinate executes. However, that higher echelon commander’s intent and guidance, along with the mission and any implied tasks, may impose constraints such as…

…Commanders conduct the offense to defeat enemy forces or gain control of terrain to produce the effects required by their higher commander. Circumstances may require defending; however, tactical success normally requires shifting to the offense as…

…The area between the battle handover line and the stationary force belongs to the stationary force commander. The stationary force commander may employ security forces, obstacles, and fires in the area. DIRECTION OF ATTACK 3-26…

…In an area defense, commanders designate a portion of their force to conduct the counterattack, selecting units based on the commander’s concept of operations. However, commanders allocate available reserves to this counterattack effort. 4-122…

…A commander assigns a reconnaissance in force when an enemy force is operating within an area and the commander cannot obtain adequate intelligence by other means. The unit commander plans for both the retrograde or reinforcement…

…It helps commanders protect subordinate forces and identify key terrain, obstacles, and trafficability. IPB provides the basis for line of sight overlays and situation templates. Line of sight overlays help protect the force. If an enemy…

…If decisive terrain is present, commanders designate it to communicate its importance in the commander’s concept of operations, first to the echelon staff and later to subordinate commanders. Armored and Stryker Forces 3-59. Armored…

…If the situation warrants, commanders make appropriate changes and allocate resources to minimize risk through these changes. Every change has opportunities and risks. Commanders balance the two to achieve their purpose.

…The defending force conducts operations in multiple domains to disrupt an enemy commander’s plan and destroy key units and assets. Particularly the defending force seeks to degrade enemy forces’ command and control capabilities and integrated…

… Deceive enemy commanders. INTELLIGENCE 3-83. Conducting military operations requires intelligence products regarding threats and relevant aspects of an operational environment. These intelligence products enable commanders to—  Understand enemy capabilities and intent.  Visualize…

…The FEBA is not a boundary, but it conveys the commander’s intent. The FEBA shows the senior commander’s planned limit for the effects of direct fires. It marks the foremost limits of the areas…

…Area security preserves a commander’s freedom to move reserves, position fire support means, provide for command and control, and conduct sustaining operations. 5-9. All maneuver forces can conduct security operations. All three types of…

…The common higher echelon commander of two forces establishes a battle handover line after consulting both commanders. The stationary commander determines the location of the line. The battle handover line is forward of the forward edge…

…A higher echelon commander uses terrain-oriented objectives to focus the operations of subordinates, focus phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. Commanders determine force-oriented objectives based on known enemy…