war

…When cities were struck in past wars, none doubted that civilians, embassies, hospitals, and schools would be in harm’s way. Today, our ability to strike precisely has created the impression that sensitive sites can be…

…those tied to a particular conflict and those that are ongoing, performed both in peace and war. (Page 2) › Targeting is fundamentally effects-based. It is thus about more than just selecting targets for physical destruction…

…The procedures and processes that comprise targeting form the core of how the Air Force and the joint force as a whole fights at the operational-level of war. Targeting, however, is but one component of…

…Its location, purpose, or use can contribute to an adversary’s overall warfighting or war-sustaining capability. During the targeting process, entities are analyzed by intelligence and considered for development into targets. Entities are typically grouped…

…Targeting assessment occurs at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. The assessment of target engagement results must be integrated to provide the overall joint targeting assessment. Paragraph 4, “Time-Sensitive Target Considerations,” and Appendix…

…It supports the successful application of several fundamental principles of war (e.g., mass, maneuver, and economy of force). Joint targeting supports unity of effort by providing: (1) Compliance with JFC objectives, guidance, and intent. (2…

13 At least as far back as World War II, some air planners were trying to implement the essential concepts of [an effects-based approach]. In the late 1930’s, particularly at the Air Corps Tactical…

…The joint force can create effects across the levels of war. Strategic and operational effects focus on larger aspects of various systems, while tactical-level effects typically are associated with results of offensive, defensive, and stability…

…Indicators serve as a means of prediction across all levels—strategic, operational, and tactical. (See levels of war in ADRP 3-0.) 4-31. A threat may attempt to create false or misleading patterns of intentions…

…When presented alongside weaponeering results, a CDE informs the commander’s application of the law of war principle of proportionality to assess the risk to mission and strategic risk due to collateral damage. 4. Attrition Calculations…

…Validation is a part of target development that ensures all vetted candidate targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and ROE. Candidate targets…

…A fully developed target must comply with national and command guidance, law of war, and the applicable ROE to be engaged. Phase 2 is comprised of three steps: (a) Target system analysis; (b) Entity-level target…

…It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War (circa 500 B.C.)

…Thus the momentum of one skilled in war is overwhelming and his attack prompt. —Sun Tzu

…within the plans and orders (to include fragmentary orders), the rules of engagement (ROE), the law of war, and agreements concerning the sovereignty of national territories. Every target nominated should contribute to attaining the JFC’s…

…Additionally, validation reviews the target’s compliance with law of war and ROE and ensures that it is not otherwise restricted. The target phase matches available engagement and sensor assets against the desired effect. Restrictions are…

…The very term BDA is limiting, since assessment extends well beyond “battle damage.” Any comprehensive view of assessment should tie evaluation of progress at the tactical level to all other levels of war, up to and…

…To accomplish these things, an effective assessment construct must address the entire spectrum of operations and all levels of war, permit component validation of assessment elements, focus on effects, standardize federation, utilize intelligence specialties effectively, and…

…The conduct of war and other military operations will always be a matter of art, and while tools and techniques can help make their planning, execution, assessment, and adaptation more effective and efficient, nothing can remove…

Glossary GL-11 outlined in the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and rules of engagement. (JP 3-60) 3. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining the degree…