war hexter

…Modern engineering and design improvements mean that most large buildings constructed since World War II are resilient to the blast effects of bomb and artillery attack. Even though modern buildings may burn easily, they often retain…

Executive Summary xiii integrates ends, ways, and means, while accounting for risk, across the levels of war. requires a broad vision, the ability to anticipate, and the skill to plan, prepare, execute, and assess. It helps…

…When cities were struck in past wars, none doubted that civilians, embassies, hospitals, and schools would be in harm’s way. Today, our ability to strike precisely has created the impression that sensitive sites can be…

…During World War II, the Middle East conflicts, and most recently in Bosnia, mortar HE fires have been used extensively to deny the use of streets, parks, and plazas to enemy and civilian personnel. (b) Incendiary…

…The destruction or capture of key industrial and commercial cities with the resulting denial of production and distribution of equipment and supplies strikes at the enemy’s future ability to wage war. The requirement for a…

…Ultimately, this cost the Russians significant casualties and the war. (2) Fratricide was a serious and continuing problem throughout the campaign. The situation facing Russian combat forces was ripe for fratricide. Poorly trained units, operating in…

…Preplanned missions are typically used against fixed targets or targets that are transportable, but operate in fixed Strategy is the employment of battle to gain the end in war; it must therefore give an aim to…

…Operational art applies to all aspects of joint operations and integrates ends, ways, and means, while accounting for risk, across the levels of war. Among the many considerations, operational art requires commanders to answer the following…

…Additionally, validation reviews the target’s compliance with law of war and ROE and ensures that it is not otherwise restricted. The target phase matches available engagement and sensor assets against the desired effect. Restrictions are…

…within the plans and orders (to include fragmentary orders), the rules of engagement (ROE), the law of war, and agreements concerning the sovereignty of national territories. Every target nominated should contribute to attaining the JFC’s…

…Validation is a part of target development that ensures all vetted candidate targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and ROE. Candidate targets…

…Military Operations Other Than War 7-1 7101. Introduction 7-1 7102. Types of MOOTW 7-1 7103. Recent Experiences and Lessons Learned 7-2 7104. Urban Terrorism 7-3 Section II. Restrictive Conditions 7-5…

…Its location, purpose, or use can contribute to an adversary’s overall warfighting or war-sustaining capability. During the targeting process, entities are analyzed by intelligence and considered for development into targets. Entities are typically grouped…

…It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War (circa 500 B.C.)

…Urban warfare is as old as war itself. Since humans began building villages, he/she has fought battles in and around them. Geography, politics, and economics dictate that cities will continue to be an objective of…

…AAA was used only rarely in World War II, and then generally against assaulting personnel rather than against structures. AAA has been used more frequently in more recent events, but against buildings rather than people. The…

…Thus the momentum of one skilled in war is overwhelming and his attack prompt. —Sun Tzu

…Russia's war in Chechnya essentially began with the collapse of the Soviet Union, immediately after which pro-independence factions in Chechnya began agitating to free the Republic from Russian domination. This eventually led to civil…

…The long, bloody Soviet offensive to seize the German capital city effectively concluded the last battle of World War II in Europe. Bitter fighting occurred, but the defense was never well coordinated due in part to…

…The procedures and processes that comprise targeting form the core of how the Air Force and the joint force as a whole fights at the operational-level of war. Targeting, however, is but one component of…