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Joint Operations Across the Range of Military Operations V-49 (2) JFCs can operate from an HQ platform at sea. Depending on the nature of the joint operation, a maritime commander can serve as the JFC…

…These analytic pitfalls—logic fallacies, biases, and misusing analogies—are discussed beginning at paragraph 2-32. ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT 2-17. There are eight basic elements present in all thinking. Figure 2-1 illustrates these elements…

…Targets should be logically and causally tied to objectives at all levels—strategic, operational, and tactical. From a commander’s planning, execution, and assessment perspective, tactical actions should be ultimately tied to operational and strategic outcomes…

…The following are key considerations associated with the above tasks. (1) Targeting supports the process of linking the desired effects of fires to actions and tasks at the component level. Commanders and their staffs must consider…

…Some weapons or capabilities require long lead times in planning, deployment, and approval, so they should be considered early and included at the beginning of the JPPA. Weaponeering should consider the availability of certain high-value…

… Red team analysis avoids the use of qualifying statements and assumes the recipient understands the paper is aimed more at provoking thought or challenging the conventional understanding of how a threat thinks. A-60. For…

…If an artillery brigade dumps more ammunition at its gun locations than it has the organic transport to carry in one lift, then there is a problem if the unit moves. This may indicate that the…

…However, it is important not to search for indicators of an expected COA or to expect a certain COA at all. Leaders use indicators as a tip-off that something is occurring but demand that intelligence…

…While audiences and intent at times differ, the JFC, through the communications strategy and JOPP, coordinates planning for PA, IO, CMO, and DSPD to establish and reinforce consistent themes and messages. (4) PA and IO activities…

…Multiple Scenarios Generation—  Identifies all the possible scenarios and combination of driving forces at play for a given problem. The analyst’s primary objective through application of this technique is to reduce the unforeseen potential…

…For example, inclusion of interagency capabilities may be leveraged to create more powerful, comprehensive, and enduring results. At present, weaponeering is more developed to support munitions than nonlethal actions. The Services, as well as the Joint…

…A modest investment of time at the beginning or critical points of a project can take advantage of the group’s different perspectives to help structure a problem. This group process allows others to build on…

…Therefore, it is extremely important for commanders at every echelon to ensure their defense is properly coordinated with flanking and supporting units. When possible, commanders coordinate through personal visits to subordinate commanders on the ground. Their…

…Defending forces maintain security and disrupt enemy attacks at every opportunity. Defending commanders disrupt enemy attacks by using long-range fires to reduce the impact of the attacking enemy forces’ initial blows and start wresting the…

…When attacking, commanders concentrate the effects of combat power at selected locations. This may require a unit to improve or construct combat trails through areas where routes do not exist. The surprise achieved by attacking through…

The Offense 31 July 2019 ADP 3-90 3-15  Protect attacking troops, systems, and supplies by only moving them into attack positions at the last possible moment.  Counter enemy target acquisition efforts by…

…As such, it is called upon to support US Air Forces Europe (USAFE), Central Air Forces (CENTAF), Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), and other targeting efforts, often at the same time. Unless clear guidance or memoranda of…

…observe or monitor the ground between positions or when they conduct patrols to prevent any enemy infiltration. At night or during periods of limited visibility, commanders may position small units closer together to retain the advantages…

…Commanders control a defense by using control measures that provide the flexibility needed to allow defending commanders to concentrate combat power at the decisive point. They can use battle positions, direct fire control, and FSCMs in…

…an enemy force approaches its culminating point. Enemy forces will be dispersed, extended in depth, and weakened. At that time, any enemy defensive preparations will be hasty, and enemy forces will not be adequately prepared for…