…However, deception operations are normally conducted as inexpensively as possible, attempting to deceive us with the least expenditure of resources. Indicators based on a major confirmed commitment of forces are most likely to reflect the true…

…Once an analyst has gained practice in applying ACH, it is quite possible to integrate the basic concepts of this procedure into the normal analytical thought process. In that case, the entire eight-step procedure may…

…This is normally produced by national-level intelligence agencies working closely with the joint force assessment teams (J2, J3, and J5). Collateral Damage Assessment (CDA). This compares the CDE with the observed, inferred, or reported damage…

…Situational logic is normally used to trace cause-effect relationships or, when dealing with purposeful behavior, means-end relationships. For example, an analyst identifies the goals being pursued and explains why an enemy believes certain means…

…Disruption of normal social patterns. Mass migration from urban to rural locations or from rural to urban locations. Massing of combatants of competing power groups. Increase in the size of embassy or consulate staffs from a…

26 The ATO articulates tasking for joint air and space operations for a specific period of time, normally 24 hours. Detailed planning generally begins 72 hours prior the start of execution to properly assess the progress…

…The activities matrix normally is constructed with personalities arranged in a vertical listing on the side of the matrix with events, activities, organizations, addresses, or any other common denominator arranged along the bottom or top of…

…For example, during stability operations, military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence operations, the application of lethal fires is normally greatly restricted, making nonlethal capability use the dominant feasible option. The considerations for use of nonlethal capabilities…

…Reserves provide a quantity of stored resources that may be used when the normal supply of the resource is disrupted. Assessment of reserves depends upon the estimation of the system use or flow rate. The measure…

…Additionally, the targets normal level of operation must be quantified. If it is an industrial target, what does it produce? If it is a military installation, what basic

…To integrate targeting into the ongoing battle rhythm, the JFACC normally uses the joint air tasking cycle (see Figures C-1 and C-2). An example of an effective battle rhythm to support the planning process…

…Criteria normally are delineated in plans, orders, and/or ROE by combatant commanders (CCDRs). Sensitive targets exceed national-level thresholds such as high collateral damage or collateral effect (e.g., versus civilian population, property, infrastructure, facilities…

…In addition to normal target nomination procedures, JFCs establish procedures through which land or maritime force commanders can specifically identify those interdiction targets they are unable to engage with organic assets within their operational areas that…

…The need to move into another phase normally is identified by assessing that a set of objectives has been achieved or that the enemy has acted in a manner that requires a major change in focus…

…Significance is the degree of concern in excess of the value assigned to its normal performance. This value measurement may reflect relative military, economic, political, psychological, informational, environmental, cultural, or geographic importance. Psychological significance assigned to…

…Collateral damage estimation (CDE) is a process normally performed by trained and certified personnel at various echelons. CDE is intended to characterize the level and extent of collateral damage risk for a commander. Higher order effects…

…Certain high value weapons, such as those capable of deep penetration or other special effects, are normally limited in number and should only be used against those targets that both require the weapon for successful attack…

…TSTs are normally engaged dynamically; however, to be successful, they require considerable deliberate planning and preparation within the joint targeting cycle. (3) The JFC provides specific guidance and priorities for TSTs within the OA. Examples might…

…critical decisions to ensure current and future operations remain aligned with the mission and military end state. Normally, the operations directorate of a joint staff (J-3), assisted by the intelligence directorate of a joint staff…

…If opposing positions are well established, it can be useful to place analysts on teams that will advocate positions they normally do not support; forcing analysts to argue the other side tends to make them more…