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…Operations to gain air, space, and maritime superiority; defensive use of IO; PR; and protection of airports and seaports, LOCs, and friendly force lodgment also contribute significantly to force protection at the onset of combat operations…

…Some international parties will oppose almost any US military commitment, no matter how limited or benign, solely to restrain the exercise of American power. In such circumstances, friendly surrogates assisted by US joint forces may be…

…JAs have an affirmative duty to provide legal advice to commanders and their staffs that is consistent with the international and domestic legal obligations and the governing ROE. The complexity of international legal considerations along with…

…International Law and the Law of War Law of war is that part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. It encompasses all international law for the conduct of hostilities binding on the…

…Targeting and attack functions are accomplished in accordance with the LOAC and international agreements and conventions, as well as rules of engagement (ROE) approved by the President and Secretary of Defense for a particular operation. Military…

…ROE constrain the actions of US military forces to ensure their actions are consistent with domestic and international law, national policy, and objectives. Although ROE are not law, they are authoritative restrictions issued at the appropriate…

88 APPENDIX A TARGETING AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION This appendix supports targeting by describing the various international legal obligations that impact upon targeting decisions. Legal considerations and international legal obligations directly affect all phases of targeting…

…major combat operations. › There may be a need to integrate targeting efforts with the efforts of non- Department of Defense (DOD) governmental agencies, such as the State Department, and nongovernmental organizations, such as the International Red

…Role of the Staff Judge Advocate Due to the complexity and extent of international law considerations involved in the joint targeting cycle, the SJA or their representative must be immediately available and should be consulted at…

…network; while an insurgency’s components may include its core leadership, its military and political arms, its international political and financial network, and the active or passive support of the population. The purpose of a TSA…

…US military forces should be prepared to lead the activities necessary to accomplish these tasks and restore Rule of Law when indigenous civil, USG, multinational or international capacity does not exist or is incapable of assuming…

…emergency medical treatment—to civilians located within their AO in accordance with the laws of war and international standards. Unit commanders balance the provision of those minimum-essential stability tasks with their capability to conduct the…

…A defending unit uses host-nation and international organizations as much as possible to minimize the effects of disaster or conflict on dislocated civilians and thereby avoid diverting unit resources to conduct stability operations.

…Groupthink and best case are organizational biases that can significantly skew internal analysis. © Groupthink. This bias occurs when a judgment is unconsciously altered because of exposure to selective information and common viewpoints held among individuals. Involving…

…Its availability is limited; however, Marines could be issued flame-support weapons for urban operations depending on the status of international agreements on the use of flame weapons that are in effect at the time. B…

…Urban intervention operations must often be planned and executed in a matter of hours or days (rather than weeks or months) to take advantage of the internal turmoil surrounding a developing crisis. Navy and Marine forces…

…not a signatory to the Additional Protocol it views this definition as an accurate restatement of customary international law that we recognize and with which we comply. NOTE: The word “objective” as used above should not…

…For example, international acceptance of each operation may be extremely important, not only because military forces may be used to support international sanctions, but also because of the probability of involvement by IGOs. As a consequence…

…The pre-strike analysis may also have miscalculated the local civilian population perceptions/reactions and international public opinion, ultimately resulting in more restrictions on target selection or engagement timing. Planners and targeteers should consider second-, third…

…However, DOD component planners should not plan to rely on international assistance as the basis for response and cannot accept military- to-military assistance to meet a DSCA RFA. (f) Environmental. DOD forces employed in DSCA…