…Other considerations include— = The threat was obtaining electronic intelligence on this new pod. = The threat recently relocated several surface-to-air missile units and did not want to reveal their new positions. @ False dilemma (also known…

…Defensive indicators (continued) Activity Explanation Increased depth from the forward line of troops of artillery and surface- to-surface missile units. Allows continued employment of artillery during maneuver defense without significant rearward displacement. Increased use of…

…Like civilian personnel, these may not be used to shield legitimate military targets. For instance, placing a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system next to a hospital does not prevent an attack on the SAM system…

…tactical surface-to-air threat in the vicinity of a close air support mission, the operation center director may determine that an available Army tactical missile system is the most effective and responsive asset to engage…

…Antiaircraft artillery and mobile surface-to-surface missiles located well forward with maneuver elements. Provides increased protection to massed forces before attack; extends air defense umbrella forward as units advance. Demonstrations and feints. May precede an…

…Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants Operations Areas Maintenance Areas Integrated Air Defense System Airfields Air Defense Forces Early Warning and Ground Control Intercept Radar Sites Anti-Aircraft Artillery Command, Control, and Communications Surface-to-Air Missile Sites

…Matching actions and effects to targets requires estimating and anticipating future outcomes. In some cases the outcome is straightforward, such as anticipating that disabling a fire control radar will put a surface-to-air missile battery…

…This task includes joint fires that assist joint forces to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. (3) Countering air and missile threats. This task integrates offensive and defensive operations and capabilities to…

…These operations may use aircraft, surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missiles, artillery, SOF, ground forces, and EA. US military forces must be capable of countering the air and missile threat from initial force projection…

…to include direct reporting by forward air/ground observers, tactical air control parties, SOF, etc. (f) MASINT. (g) Open source intelligence. (h) End of MISREPs for surface-to-surface fires. (i) Indigo reports for cruise missiles…

…and POL distribution; and DIA’s Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC) are experts in surface-to-air missiles. These, and many other organizations, can be called upon to provide expertise for specific targeting efforts. Even…

…In addition to expertise on worldwide air assets, NASIC also has leading experts on long- range surface-to-surface missiles (such as medium-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles). Air Force Space Command Air Force Space Command…

…For example, an ordnance specialist inspecting a captured, handcarried, surface-to-air missile launcher concludes that the threat has no effective low-level air defense. The assessment is based on the fact that the weapons system…

…MSIC has experts knowledgeable on surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), systems as well as short-range ballistic missiles. National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI) produces finished, all-source medical intelligence in support of military planning and…

…Air Forces PBA predictive battlespace awareness PDA physical damage assessment POL petroleum, oil, and lubricants POW prisoner of war ROE rules of engagement RTL restricted target list SA situational awareness SAM surface-to-air-missile SD…

…Additionally, the reserve is normally kept closer to the assault force. Movement of forces by aviation is less restrictive, but may also be vulnerable to surface to air missiles and small arms threat. Availability of LZs…

…concealment for the assault force and is close to the objective. (d) Helicopterborne forces are vulnerable to attack helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, and surface-to-air missiles. To counter this vulnerability, friendly attack helicopters Military Operations…

…Specific targets are hard to distinguish from the air. Good ground-to-air communications are vital in successfully employing aerial firepower. Planners have historically tended to overestimate the effects of HE on defenders. Modern, large buildings…

…Commanders use long-range artillery systems (cannon, rocket, and missile) and joint fires (such as naval surface fire support, air support, information operations, offensive cyberspace operations, and electronic attack) to engage enemy forces throughout the depth…

…This includes personally-carried surface-to-air missiles. (c) C: Cover and Concealment. Buildings, sewers, and subways can provide excellent cover and concealment for enemy and friendly forces. They also provide covered and/or concealed maneuver…